Methods for Cooling Potatoes after Harvest

As the fourth-largest food crop in the world, potatoes are staple foods. With over a thousand different types of potatoes, they are a diverse form of produce that are widely used for cooking across the globe. They can be used whole, or chopped up to add to different dishes, as well as pureed for various uses. They also maintain an extensive shelf life, however they must be properly cooled. Check out these interesting facts about potatoes, as well as proper cooling practices and techniques.

Facts about Potatoes

Though it was previously believed that potatoes were cultivated in various parts of the world, studies have shown that they originated in southern Peru. Since their origin potatoes have found various homes and have become a staple in cooking. They are commonly used in every country, however they are quite essential in Europe and have been for centuries. Over the last few decades they have also grown constant in southern and eastern Asia. In fact, surveys revealed that a third of the potatoes in the world are harvested in China and India.

Potatoes grow with little effort in a variety of climates and are fairly easy to harvest. These factors have contributed to their diversification. From small red potatoes, to large russet potatoes to sweet potatoes, there are a variety of potato versions to choose from, all of which can be utilized to create a myriad of dishes. A few common uses of potato across the globe include: baked, boiled and fried. Outside of common uses, they are considered important aspects of traditional dishes in many countries. For instance, chopped, fried potatoes are a main component of the infamous British “fish and chips,” and in Lithuania, riced potatoes are an essential ingredient in the national dish, Cepelinai. With the different tastes of the diverse forms of potatoes and the textures and flavors that may be cultivated, the variations of potato dishes and uses are virtually endless.

General Information about Cooling and Storing Potatoes

Potatoes do have a longer shelf life than many other types of produce; however, in order for them to reach their full potential they must be properly cooled and stored after harvest. In order to achieve this there are a few factors that must be considered.

Temperature – The temperature needs can vary based on the state of the potato. After it has initially been harvested and cooled, it may be kept in temperatures ranging from 40-50⁰. Once it has sat for a while, it will need to be kept in slightly warmer temperatures, ranging from 50-60⁰.

Relative Humidity – Potatoes need to be kept at a pretty high level of humidity. It is suggested that they have a relative humidity of 90%.

Shelf Life – When potatoes have been properly cooled after harvest and are kept at appropriate temperatures and humidity levels, they can maintain a relatively long shelf life. It is estimated that they can last from 56 to 140 days. However, it should be noted that they become more sensitive to ethylene the longer that they sit unused.

Proper Cooling Systems for Potatoes

In cooling produce there are a variety of possible options that may be applied. However, not every choice is right for every type of produce. Some options may make the items too cold or not cold enough. There are a couple of methods that are often used to cool potatoes.

Room Cooling – This technique requires an insulated room and refrigerators. Basically, the produce is placed inside of the room and the fridges cool it. Depending upon the size of the room and amount of produce, various sizes and quantities of refrigerators may be required. Even still, this is considered one of the slower cooling methods.

Forced-Air Cooling – This cooling method could be considered an advancement to the cooling room technique. It incorporates the same concept of placing the produce in an insulated room with refrigerators, and it adds strategically placed fans to help circulate the air. This aids in speeding up the cooling process 75-90%.

To properly maintain your potatoes, make sure that you have the right cooling system in place. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC designs and manufactures industrial cooling and storage systems that are ideal for use with potatoes and other produce. We will take factors such as capacity, budget, required time line and other key information into consideration to ensure that every client gets the best system possible.

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Methods for Cooling Apricots after Harvest

With their unique velvety skin and tender, sweet flesh, apricots are a delicate fruit that has been enjoyed for centuries. They are often thought to have originated in Armenia, but there are also claims that apricots originally hail from India or possibly China. Despite the dispute over their country of origin, one thing is certain— apricots are now cherished and appreciated all over the world. In order for apricots to be enjoyed fresh in many areas, they must be cooled and stored using appropriate cooling and storage methods. Read on to discover more facts about apricots as well as the proper cooling and storage methods needed to help freshly deliver this delicious fruit all around the globe.

General Facts About Apricots

The scientific name for apricots, Prunus Armeniaca or “Armenian plum,” shadows the implication that apricots first originated in Armenia. Dried apricots were a valuable commodity in Persian trade routes of ancient times, and the Egyptians, who dry the fruit and then add a sweetener to make Ramadan apricot juice, have used them for centuries. Apricot trees are native to climates with a wide range of temperature variation, as they need cooler winters for dormancy and drier summers for proper fruit maturation.

Apricot trees are well known for producing popcorn-like bouquets of small flowers in the early spring before the leaves and fruit begin to grow. The single seeds or kernels that apricots produce are enclosed within a hard shell called a “stone.” Apricot kernels are often used to flavor liqueurs, cookies, and apricot jams, and if the kernels are a very sweet breed, they can also be used as substitutes for almonds in cooking and baking.

General Information About Cooling and Storing Apricots

Fresh apricots can be enjoyed even in areas where they are not typically produced because of proper harvesting, cooling, and storage of the fruit. Once picked, the quality of apricots cannot be improved, only maintained. Because of this, it is important to follow proper cooling and storage guidelines to guarantee safe delivery of the fruit to consumers as well as ensure maximum return on investment for growers.

Apricots should be gathered during the coolest time of the day, and kept shaded until the crop can be brought to storage facilities. Rapidly cooling the produce as soon as is reasonably possible can help to delay bacteria growth and further ripening of the fruit.

Apricots should be stored away from producers of ethylene, a natural hormone that is released by certain fruits and vegetables as they ripen, including apricots. Storing apricots with other ethylene producers, such as apples, peaches, pears or plums, or with damaged and diseased apricots, will increase the risk of the rest of the apricots ripening too quickly and thus possibly spoil the entire harvest.

Temperature – Apricots must be stored at very cold to freezing temperatures, ideally 32° F, to maintain their freshness.

Relative Humidity – Apricots are stored best at a relative humidity of 90-95%. While such a high humidity may encourage the growth of disease and bacteria, the very cold temperatures that apricots require, along with proper sanitation, can help reduce the chances of bacteria growth.

Shelf Life – Following harvest, apricots have a shelf life of 7-14 days if cooled and stored properly.

Methods of Cooling Apricots

In order to safeguard the freshness of ripe apricots, they must be cooled properly right after harvest. Apricots that are not cooled thoroughly can be easily bruised or the flesh torn, making them less appealing to shoppers. The best methods for cooling apricots are room cooling and hydrocooling.

Room Cooling – Placing the apricots in a room furnished with cooling units can help bring the apricots to an ideal storage temperature. Rooms that are being used specifically for cooling the apricots require larger refrigeration units than rooms that are only being used to store previously cooled fruit.

Hydrocooling – Submerging freshly picked apricots into cold water or pouring cold water directly over the fruit is an effective method of removing heat from the fruit quickly and safely. It can also function to help clean the fruit if a disinfectant is added to the water.

SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC works hard to help growers protect their harvest by manufacturing and installing quality cooling systems. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC systems can be tailored directly to customer specifications, helping to ensure that a high quality crop equals fresh, quality produce on the tables of consumers.

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Facts about Concrete Cooling Systems

Concrete cooling is beneficial in various large pour projects where heat is a contributing factor. Concrete is utilized for a number of different things. From buildings, to residents, to monuments and to various trafficked surfaces, concrete is a strong component and a versatile material. In order for concrete to be created and worked into its various shapes and forms, it must endure specific processes. Take a look at how concrete is made and some of the most commonly used cooling systems.

Creating Concrete

Concrete is created through a combination of aggregate materials and a unique paste mixture. The paste mixture, which is composed of portland cement and water, is combined with the aggregate material. The aggregate material may be either course or fine, which contributes to the different cement textures. As all of the materials mix together, the complete mixture undergoes a cooling process called hydration that causes it to harden. During this process, the material heats up and must be cooled down to be utilized. There are a few different cooling techniques that may be used.

Aggregate Cooling

One way to help make sure that the cement will be able to cool down properly is to ensure that it does not get too hot to begin with. To achieve this, there are two distinctive types of aggregate cooling techniques that may be applied.

Air – For this process, air is continuously blown through the aggregate material to keep it cool during the mixing process and afterwards. In order for the air that is circulating to be most effective, the aggregates must be moist, however they cannot be too damp. To achieve this balance, the air also helps to circulate warm air to dry the materials out a bit so that they may still stick together.

Water – Simply stated, cool water is added to the aggregate mixture to harden the concoction. The water must be at a specific temperature to activate the process, and the right temperature may vary dependent upon the amount of aggregate material. If the water is not naturally cold enough, a cooling system may be needed.

The two methods have their specific uses and advantages. Cooling by water tends to be much quicker than cooling by air, but air cooling is an efficient means of cooling in tight spaces.

Post-Pouring Cooling

Where aggregate cooling begins to cool items at the beginning of the process, post-pouring cooling systems cool the elements towards the end. Usually, piping is laid where the concrete will be poured beforehand. After the concrete has been poured in but before it is completely set, cold water is pumped through the pipes from containerized water chillers. The cold water then cools down the cement from the inside out. Usually, the water enters the pipes at 40⁰ and reaches around 50⁰ by the time it completes its cycle through the piping. This process is usually found to be most effective when used to cool larger cement features, such as dams, fountains and some highways. Despite its effectiveness, this process is usually not the most commonly used, consider the various elements that must be in place for it to work properly, which increases the time, labor and cost associate with the project.

Sand Cooling

Basically, sand is cooled and used to help keep the aggregate mixture cool throughout the hydration process. This form of cooling is often utilized in conjunction with another type of cooling method. The most common types of techniques that sand cooling is added to include: water, ice and aggregate cooling. Depending upon the size and extent of the cooling process, sometimes the aforementioned methods cannot achieve proper temperatures by themselves, at which point the sand cooling method is helpful. However, similar to post-pouring cooling, sand cooling does require specific equipment and procedures that impeded upon the process. For instance, sand cooling requires sand silos or rotary cooling drums, which are both expensive expenditures and require additional time to get the sand to the proper temperature to make the process effective. On the other hand, incorporating this process can help to lower the costs of the cooling methods that it is utilized with.

Depending upon your needs and desires, any of these cooling methods could be beneficial for you in creating viable concrete. Contact SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC to receive customized cooling systems. They provide superior quality work with excellent customer service.

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How Do Ice Scales and Weighing Equipment Work?

While at first glance it may seem like the amount of ice used to cool something doesn’t need to be precise and can just be approximated, that is not true at all! Using too little ice will result in inadequate cooling that could completely compromise the quality and integrity of the product. Meanwhile, using too much ice will needlessly raise costs, reduce efficiency, and could also potentially result in incorrect cooling. Thus industrial ice scales and weighing equipment are a fundamental part of cooling and freezing system. Let’s take a look at what they are and what factors go into selecting the best one for a given system.

What Are Ice Scales?

Ice scales are weighing equipment that measures the weight of ice. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC has a full line of high quality, dependable ice scales and weighing equipment. We have two main series: the Batch Scale (BS) series and the Concrete Batch Scale (CBS) series. Each series has two different sizes:

  • BS-150: The BS-150 weighs up to 150 pounds of ice in its hopper. The delivery rate is approximately 25 tons per hour.
  • BS-300: This scale weighs up to 300 pounds of ice in its hopper. The delivery rate is approximately 45 tons per hour.
  • CBS-800: This scale weighs up to 800 pounds. It operates with a right hand and left hand discharge.
  • CBS-2000: This scale weighs up 2000 pounds. It also operates with a right hand and left hand discharge.

These different scales are used to reliably measure out desired amounts of ice as needed for a particular cooling project.

Why Are Ice Scales Important?

As stated above ice scales and weighing equipment play a crucial role in any cooling and freezing system in which they are found. They are important because they ensure that food products such as produce, fish, and meat, etc. stay at the safe, correct temperature while they are being stored and transported. Meanwhile many other applications such as concrete cooling and other project requiring ice also require relatively precise amounts for best results.

The ice scales work by allowing users to select a predetermined weight. Once the scale reaches that weight it starts a chain reaction. A series of timers start shutting down all related equipment within the system. This allows the system to go into a clean out mode to make sure that there is no ice left in the delivery system.

All of that boils down to one thing. The machines measure out the appropriate amount of ice, and then that ice gets delivered where it is needed. In that way ice scales and weighing equipment form one of the most crucial parts of the entire system.

How to Get the Right Equipment for Your Needs

Now that you know what they are, why they’re important, and how they work, you may be wondering how you can get the machine that is right for your business. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC helps clients select industrial ice scale and weighing equipment that best fit their own particular needs. Our systems are fully customizable and can tailored to best reflect the demands of a client’s particular business. Please contact us for more information.

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Properly Packaging Produce After Harvest

Produce is a key element of a healthy and varied diet. Fruits and vegetable contain vitamins, fiber and antioxidants are essential to continued health and vitality. To preserve peak flavor as well as the full health benefits of produce, proper harvesting, cooling and storing techniques are necessary. With the use of the right equipment, it is easy to keep fruits and vegetables fresh and flavorful. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC designs cooling systems to client specifications to provide effective and energy-efficient cooling that is best for the type of produce being cooled and stored.

Importance of Harvesting at the Right Time

The first step to ensuring that your produce will stay fresh and preserve its qualities for as long as possible is to harvest it at the proper time. Harvesting before the proper stage of maturity can result in decreased flavor. On the other hand, if produce is left to mature for too long, it will become fibrous or begin to spoil. Overripe produce can also develop cracks that let in bacteria and accelerate decay.

Using the Proper Harvesting Equipment and Techniques

Using the right equipment and techniques is a significant factor in the quality of the harvested produce. As a general rule, to minimize damage and decay, experts recommend that fruits and vegetables be subject to a minimum of handling, and that harvesting containers should be smooth on the inside so that the produce is not scratched. Bulk bins used for harvesting should either be ventilated or should only be used for a short interval. If your produce will be transported in bulk bins, make sure they are perforated; otherwise, the heat build-up from the produce will accelerate decay. At all times, rough handling of the produce should be avoided as far as possible. In order to reduce cooling needs later on, produced should be harvested during the coolest time of day.

Packaging

After harvesting, produce is transported to the facility where it is packaged. The specific type of packaging can depend on the size and fragility of a specific fruit or vegetable. Packaging should be optimized for maximum protection from damage and ease of handling. The sturdiness of the packaging can also vary depending on the quantity of produce and the distance and means of future transportation. Materials include cardboard, plastic and wood. Another consideration is the amount of ventilation necessary, particularly for produce with high respiration rates that can generate damaging heat. For this type of produce, some facilities use expanded polystyrene packaging covered with ice.

Cooling Methods

Utilizing proper cooling methods plays a large role in preserving the high quality of your produce. When cooling procedures are performed correctly, they slow the growth of harmful molds and bacteria, slow water loss that causes wilting, reduce the continuous ripening process that leads to over ripeness, and slows the enzymatic process that results in softening. Cooling your produce allows it to stay fresh and tasty for longer.

The proper cooling method will depend both on the type of produce being harvested and on its volume. Agricultural professionals suggest that harvesters consider the following cooling methods:

Packaging Produce with Room Cooling

The simplest method is room cooling, which consists of putting the produce inside a room with refrigeration units cooling the air and insulation to keep the cooled air inside. The advantage of this method is that, depending on the size of the room, it can provide refrigeration to a large volume of produce at one time. Well-designed cooling rooms can also conserve energy. This method is especially effective for produce that has already been pre-cooled. The main disadvantage of this method is that it may not be quick enough for some types of produce. If the produce was not previously cooled and there is still a large amount of field-heat, the produce may not achieve its optimum cooling temperature.

Packaging Produce with Forced-Air Cooling

Forced-air cooling is used to increase the output of a regular cooling room. In addition to the refrigeration units already in the room, forced-air cooling involves installing fans that increase the speed with which the cool air circulates throughout the produce. For maximum energy efficiency, fans may be regulated by a thermostat to automatically turn them off as soon as optimum temperature is reached. This system will also reduce water loss and wilting that can result from over-cooling.

Packaging Produce with Hydrocooling

Hydrocooling is an effective method for produce that can withstand wetting and humidity. To employ this method, chilled water is allowed to flow over the produce. The chief advantage of this method is that it can quickly cool a large volume of produce. On the other hand, this method uses more energy than room cooling and forced-air cooling. It should also not be used on produce that is vulnerable to the microorganisms such as mold and bacteria that can grow in a wet environment.

Packaging Produce with Ice

Ice is also used to cool produce, using either top icing or liquid icing. The top icing method involves placing crushed ice inside the container on top of the produce. For liquid icing, a mix of water and crushed ice is sprayed inside containers through vents. This method is quick way to cool produce without unpacking it. It is especially useful for produce that is packed too densely for forced air to circulate and cool effectively. Once deposited, ice will continue to cool; this property makes this method a good choice for produce with a high respiration rate. Like hydrocooling, this is not an appropriate method for moisture-sensitive produce.

Packaging Produce with Vacuum Cooling

Vacuum cooling is a method that entails placing the produce in a metal cylindrical container and then evacuating the air, which results in the rapid evaporation of water and a lowered temperature. While this method is effective and energy-efficient, the equipment is expensive. As a result, it is used primarily for produce like leafy greens that has a large surface area and is therefore not easily cooled through forced air or hydrocooling.

Packaging Produce with Evaporative Cooling

Evaporative cooling is implemented by misting the produce with water while also directing a stream of dry air at it. This is a good method for produce that needs high humidity and does not need to be very cool. This method will not work to significantly reduce temperatures.

SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC manufactures and installs cooling systems that can be used to optimize the implementation of the above methods. When deciding which system to choose, consider the type of produce that needs to be cooled, as well as its volume and type of packaging.

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A Closer Look at Concrete Cooling Systems: Flake Ice Delivery and Weighing

Because the production of concrete can cause temperatures in excess of 200°F it is very important to have a cooling system in place. Concrete cooling systems ensure that the concrete is strong, uniform and less likely to crack. Part of a concrete cooling system is the flake ice delivery and weighing system. In order to fully understand the cooling system, it is necessary to look at why the delivery and weighing systems are important, how they work, and the different accessories available.

Why the Flake Ice Delivery and Weighing System Are Important

You know that the concrete cooling system is important to help your company make high quality concrete. The way you deliver that ice is also very crucial. If the method used to transport the ice from the ice plant to the concrete itself is inefficient then there is a risk that the ice may melt or stick to the transportation unit. A quality flake ice delivery and weighing system ensures that the ice gets where it is needed at the right temperature and in the correct quantity.

How the Flake Ice Delivery and Weighing System Works

Once ice is produced and stored, it must be delivered to where it is needed. That is where the flake ice delivery and weighing system comes in to play. If the ice cannot be successfully delivered without melting, clumping, or sticking then the efficacy of the entire concrete cooling system suffers. When you use a flake ice delivery and weighing system together you have a higher chance of successfully delivering ice.

First is the delivery component. This is commonly called a screw conveyor. You can choose to use a trough or tube screw conveyor. Both choices have slide gates along the length of the delivery system. These gates can be automatic or manual. They help the ice move along the tube without melting, sticking, or clumping, ensuring that it still has maximum cooling potential when it reaches the concrete.

The next part of the delivery system is the weighing. The weighing hopper discharges ice in a predetermined, adjustable and controlled way. Without the weighing aspect the ice would continue to be transported until manually stopped it, leaving the chance of having either too much or too little ice. With the weighing system the screw conveyor delivers ice to the hopper. Once the chosen weight is reached the system goes through a shutdown sequence. This sequence helps clean out the conveyor, so ice does not remain behind to melt.

Accessories Associated with Flake Ice Delivery and Weighing

There are a few accessories you can think about getting with your delivery system. They include:

  • Cyclone Receiver
  • Diverter Valve
  • Heavy Duty Slide Gate

At SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC you are able to customize your concrete cooling system which means you can get the parts you need, and you don’t have to get the parts you don’t need.

SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC Delivers Quality Flake Ice Delivery and Weighing Systems

SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC will help you figure out the best flake ice delivery and weighing systems for your particular concrete cooling system. Our goal is to ensure that all of our clients have the absolute best system for their particular businesses. A major part of that is ensuring that the flake ice delivery and weighing systems are optimal. Please contact us for more information about our concrete cooling systems.

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Factors that Influence the Efficiency of a Concrete Cooling System

When you purchase any type of machine or equipment, you want it to be efficient. You want it to fulfill the role that you need it for well. When you’re looking at concrete cooling systems, you need to know what factors affect their efficiency. This will help you get the system that is best for you and your business. At SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC you can build your own customized concrete cooling system. In order to better understand what you need and what influences efficiency, you have to know why concrete cooling systems are important and how different components of the system work.

Why Concrete Cooling Systems Are Important

If you’re a member of the construction industry and you pour concrete regularly, you need a concrete cooling system. This type of system is important because it helps you provide your customers with the highest quality concrete. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC wants to provide you with the highest quality equipment and services so that you can provide high quality products and services to your customers. If you don’t have a concrete cooling system, your concrete is susceptible to cracking, low tensile strength, and non-uniformity.

These negative side effects happen when concrete is poured and it is too hot. When you mix cement aggregates with water, the process of making concrete, a chemical reaction occurs. This reaction is largely exothermic, that means that it releases heat. If you have to pour large amounts of concrete, the temperature can exceed 200F. Thus, you need to have dependable, effective concrete cooling systems in place in order to leave your customers with high quality concrete that isn’t weak, crack-prone, non-uniform.

How Different Components of the System Works

Since SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC offers customizable concrete cooling systems there are of course different variables in these systems. Some main components that can be included in a concrete cooling system are:

  • Water Chilling Plant – Most concrete cooling systems have a water chilling plant. This is used to cool the water that hydrates the cement. The cooler the water used the cooler the concrete’s temperature. That means that using cool water is an efficient way to cool concrete. Not only does this component efficiently cool water, but it is also much more power efficient than it has been in the past.
  • Cold Water Tank – This component is used to store the water that is to be used in the hydration process. Once you have chilled the water in the chilling plant, you don’t want it to warm back up. That means that in order to keep the system efficient you have to have a cold water tank to store the cold water in. To increase the efficiency of this component, you can choose to have it insulated.
  • Ice Plant – Beyond adding cold water in the hydration process, you can also add ice into the mixing drum to help keep the concrete cool. The type of ice used in this part of the system affects the efficiency. The most efficient type of ice is flake ice because it has the largest surface area, so it cools the best. It also melts quickly which helps keep the concrete uniform. The ice plant makes the ice that is used in the cooling process.
  • Ice Storage Bin – Just as the cold water has to be stored, the ice also has to be stored. In order to increase the efficiency of the concrete cooling system, SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC allows you to choose to add an ice storage bin. This means you can make large quantities of ice and store it until it is needed in the concrete process.
  • Ice Delivery and Weighing – This part of the system effects the efficiency to a high degree. The ice delivery and weighing component delivers a predetermined amount of ice to the mixing drum. In order to be highly efficient it has to deliver the ice in a consistent, reliable way. It may possibly use a blower, rotary valve and/or cyclone receiver.
  • Aggregate Cooling With Water – When you need to keep the mixture extremely cool, you have to use an aggregate cooling system. Aggregate cooling with water is sometimes considered the less efficient method. You have to make sure that the water is at the perfect temperature for the size of the aggregate. It’s also considered less efficient because it can take up a lot of space.
  • Aggregate Cooling With Air – Aggregate cooling with air is more efficient because it can continuously cool the aggregate through valves located at the bottom of the silo. It doesn’t require extra machinery. It also helps maintain a uniform amount of moisture in the aggregate.
  • Sand Cooling – Sand cooling is only used when needed. It is a much more demanding cooling process than any of the aforementioned processes. It requires a highly customized system which SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC does offer.
  • Post-Cooling – Another uncommon part of a concrete cooling system is post-pour cooling. It runs chilled water through a network of pipes in the poured concrete. This can be effective if done exactly right, but it can also cause irreparable damage if not done properly.

The components you use in your concrete cooling system affect the efficiency of the overall system.

How SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC Can Help You Customize Your Concrete Cooling System

You may not need or want every single component listed. Each business has its own requirements. We realize that and that is why we are able to help you customize your own concrete cooling system. We’ll help you meet your temperature goals with a high level of efficiency while having only the components that you need. Contact us to discuss the particulars of your concrete cooling system.

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Optimum Cooling and Storing for Live Fish

One of the challenges of working with fish and seafood is the need to keep the day’s catch from spoiling before it reaches its destination. Once it has died, a fish deteriorates quickly, diminishing in quality, flavor, and nutritional value. Ice storage is a popular method for keeping fish fresh on their way to market or the table. However, this is not the only way to maintain quality. With the right equipment fish can be kept alive through the duration of their journey, arriving at their destination in prime condition for maximum freshness and flavor. Many vendors keep tanks on the premises so fish can be kept alive and on display until a buyer makes a purchase. In this way consumers can enjoy fish that was caught half way around the world but that has been dead for less than a few hours.

Live shipping also allows tropical varieties to be shipped around the world. It is especially important that these delicate species be transported with the greatest of care in order to assure they arrive at their destinations in good health. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC manufactures and installs customized industrial cooling systems that allow commercial fishermen to transport live fish at the optimum temperature to maintain their freshness and vitality. There are several important points to consider when transporting live fish.

Fish Must be Healthy

Fish must be healthy and whole. For the most successful transportation, robust fish should be kept in clean, fresh water where the temperature and oxygen levels can be controlled and the water can be continuously filtered. Sick or damaged fish should be removed to prevent them from contaminating the rest of the catch.

Fish Should be Transported with Reduced Metabolic Rates

Fish should be starved to reduce their metabolic rate and conserve oxygen. Fish with a full digestive system do not transport well. Recently fed fish will require more oxygen, are more sensitive to stress and can contaminate their water with excrement. Starved fish can be transported twice as far as those that are not. Fish should be left for at least a day without food in order to clear the digestive tract. There is one caveat to this advice; fish in the larval stage require food at more frequent intervals. Herbivorous varieties should not go without food for more than 20 hours, while some aquarium species may require feeding in less than 12 hours.

Fish Must be Kept Cold

Fish should be kept in cold water. A low water temperature slows a fish’s metabolism and maintains a relatively high pH level. Fish are much more active at higher temperatures and consume oxygen quickly. They also metabolize more quickly and produce more waste. These factors reduce the availability of oxygen in the water and reduce the time and distance that a fish can tolerate being in transit.

Fish Mustn’t Have Their Systems Shocked

The water should be cooled gradually to avoid shocking the animal’s system, particularly during the summer months when they are accustomed to warmer temperatures. Cold-water fish should be transported at 6–8°C in the summer and 3-5°C in the spring and autumn, while warm-water varieties should be kept at 10-12°C in the summer and 5-6°C in the spring and autumn. In the winter both varieties should be stored at 1-2°C. Fish have different needs depending on the variety.

Different Species Have Different Requirements

Different fish require different densities. For a shorter transport lasting only one to two hours with water at an optimum temperature large varieties can tolerate fish to water ratios of 1:1 to 1:3, but smaller varieties require much more water. Some thrive only at fish to water ratios as low as 1:200. Smaller fish require more oxygen and space per individual. The longer the journey is, the more water per fish is required. Higher water temperatures also decrease the total volume of fish that can be transported in a single trip. In order to transport more fish, it is necessary to keep temperatures low.

As a food commodity, fish is very perishable. However, modern transportation tanks equipped with industrial cooling systems like those manufactured by SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC can enable fishermen to keep their catch alive and healthy on long transportation routes. Consumers often pay a premium for the freshness of a live fish. Please contact us to discuss the best live fish cooling and storage system for your needs.

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Cooling Radishes Post-Harvest

Radishes, or Raphanus sativus, are believed to have originated in Southeast Asia, although they are now cultivated and enjoyed all over the world. Radishes are cruciferous plants, belonging to the same plant family as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, and turnips. Radish seeds, greens, and bulbs are all edible, and many different colors and sizes of radishes are now grown and harvested. Radishes are low in calories but they are rich in folic acid, potassium, and vitamin B6, and they are believed to have cancer-preventing properties.

General Facts About Radishes

Usually small in size and somewhat sharp in taste, radishes are an edible root vegetable that is typically eaten raw in salads, in relishes, or even on sandwiches. They can be sautéed with other vegetables to bring out a sweeter, less peppery taste. The largest variety of radishes, the daikon, is a mild-flavored variety of radish that produces an oblong white bulb and can grow 2-4 inches wide and nearly a foot long.

Radishes are a popular crop—about seven million tons are produced each year—and they can germinate and grow fairly quickly, with some varieties becoming fully mature within four weeks. Typically the longer they are allowed to mature, the spicier the bulb becomes. Radishes make a convenient companion plant for other crops such as lettuce, peas, and nasturtiums, as their strong odor helps deter aphids, ants, squash bugs, and other insect pests that can damage food plants.

General Information about Cooling and Storing Radishes

Once harvested, the sugar, fat, and proteins within radishes begin to oxidize and generate heat, a process called respiration. Losing those sugars, fats, and proteins can damage the overall taste and weight of the produce, and it can lead to rapid deterioration of the crop itself. Immediately cooling and properly storing radishes can help prevent damage caused by respiration and it can help extend the shelf life of the vegetable.

Precooling – It is important to cool radishes as soon as possible after harvest to lower the crop to its safe storing temperature, remove the high field temperature that can occur following harvest, and to reduce the chances of the crop suffering from respiration damage.

Temperature – Radishes should be cooled to freezing at 32 degrees F. This very cold temperature can reduce the risk of premature quality loss.

Relative Humidity – Radishes are a crop that needs cold, moist storage, thus they do well when stored at a high relative humidity of 95-100%.

Shelf Life – Radishes, when harvested, cooled, and stored properly, have a fairly long shelf life of 21-28 days, and they tend to last longer when their green, leafy tops are removed. Radish greens, once cut from the bulb, have a shelf life of about 3 days. With their low temperature and high humidity requirements, radishes are well suited to long-term storage, which makes them a great option for growers who want to extend their selling season beyond the summer months.

Methods of Cooling Radishes

While radishes are somewhat hardier than other food plants, they must be handled carefully and cooled and stored properly in order to ensure maximum quality and freshness upon delivery to the consumer.

Hydrocooling – Radishes can be brought to an appropriate storage temperature by hydrocooling, which consists of pouring cold water over the plants or by immersing the radishes in cold water. Using a sanitation solution in the water can help clean and disinfect the produce while cooling it at the same time.

Package Icing – As they are not damaged by contact with ice, package icing is an effective method for rapid cooling of radishes. With one pound of ice, the temperature of about 3 pounds of produce can be reduced over 30 degrees. By injecting a mixture of water and ice into produce packages, radishes can be cooled rapidly, thus preventing damage from respiration and allowing the produce to be cooled without having to remove the crop from pallets.

Room Cooling – Placing radishes in a cold room that is equipped with refrigeration units can also help cool the crop. Room cooling is the slowest cooling option for radishes, but if the cooling room is being used simply to store the crop, only a small refrigeration unit is needed.

SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC manufactures and produces customized cooling systems and storage equipment that can be specially designed for use with radishes and other produce. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC understands the unique needs of farmers, and we are dedicated to helping growers protect their harvest while also delivering the best possible produce to consumers.

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A Closer Look at Concrete Cooling Systems: Aggregate Cooling by Water

In this series of articles, we have looked at different types of aggregate cooling methods for large-pour concrete projects. Concrete cooling is vital to the strength and durability of the concrete. For large projects, you are going to need a comprehensive cooling system, which will be determined by the scope of your project and its application. SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC understands that you want to get the most out of your project while maintaining your schedule and budget. This article will provide you with a closer look at aggregate cooling by water.

How Aggregate Cooling by Water Works

With larger projects, it is necessary to cool the concrete aggregate on a conveyor belt to get it to the required temperature much more quickly. Basically, aggregate cooling by water is simply putting cool water on the aggregate stockpile. It is a very quick process, depending on the size of the aggregate. If natural water isn’t cold enough to bring the temperature of the aggregate sufficiently low enough, a chilling system can be included.

Although air can do this process, cold water is much quicker and more effective. Installing this system does require specialty equipment, such as a well-functioning dewatering system and flooded cooling belt. In addition, a settling tank is mandatory to the process. However, the investment in this equipment is often minimal compared to other types of cooling processes.

Benefits of Aggregate Cooling by Water

Aggregate cooling by water helps keep your time-frame on schedule. Because it is so reliable, you know that your concrete pouring project will be completed and set when it needs to be. This means that you can keep the subcontractors and other people working on the project on task.

Proper cooling by water is very effective and stable. Your system won’t develop problems down the road when you use aggregate cooling by water. It is less likely to deteriorate over time, which makes the whole process more reliable. Wetting the concrete cools it, so that it doesn’t need as much water to get the required slump. This means less shrinkage as it dries.

Although it does take a great deal of water, the system is actually very small compared to other methods of cooling, which means that you aren’t having to use valuable space on the site to store equipment for your concrete pouring. When you work with an experienced company that has multiple engineers and managers, you get the benefit of their knowledge to keep your system well-designed.

Aggregate cooling by water is cost-effective and budget friendly. This in turns allows you to pass these savings on to the client, which means that they can invest more into the project where it really needs it. You can also work with natural resources, which means if you have available water for cooling, it can be integrated into the system to reduce your overall costs.

Cons of the Aggregate Cooling by Water

Aggregate cooling by water is not appropriate for every site. Although it does tend to be a cost-effective method, some sites may not have sufficient resources. Depending on the project requirements aggregate cooling by water may also not be sufficient to cool the concrete to the right temperature. This method is also not cost-effective for smaller batches. It’s important to look at your particular project and the facilities and resources that you have available to determine if aggregate cooling by water is appropriate for your project.

Find the Right Cooling Method for Your Project at SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC

SEMCO/SEMCOLD LLC offers precise applications and methods for your project, designed to your specifications, including environmental concerns when applicable to keep the project eco-friendly. We have an extensive background in industrial cooling and freezing that allows us to come up with innovative solutions for your project. Please contact us so that we can come up with the best concrete cooling system for your company, whether that system incorporates aggregate cooling by water or a different process.

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